international legal aspects of income and property tax

Calculating Income Tax Evasion of Legal Entities and Examining its Sustainability through Threshold Non-linear Method

The purpose of this study is to calculate tax evasion based on the income of legal entities and to examine its stability, which has been done by estimating the Tanzi monetary demand function during 1370-1397. The demand function included the ratio of currency holdings to supply of money  as a dependent variable and the tax variables of legal entities, the ratio of wages and salaries to national...

Administrative Aspects of a Negative Income Tax

In recent years, there has been growing discontent with the nation's welfare programs. The resulting discussions have produced a broad range of criticisms. It is said that present programs do not reach all of the poor; that benefits are too small for many of those who receive them; that eligibility tests are demeaning and incentives for self-betterment are stifled, with the result.that too many...

Corporate Income Tax, Legal Form of Organization, and Employment

Income Tax Buyouts and Income Tax Evasion

A tax buyout is a contract between tax authorities and a tax payer which reduces the marginal income tax rate in exchange for a lump-sum payment. While previous contributions have focussed on labour supply, we consider the interaction with tax evasion and show that a buyout can increase expected tax revenues. This will be the case if (1) the audit probability is constant and the penalty for eva...

Legal aspects of Shadow Banking

Shadow Banking system, as an investment method, while being an integral part of the supervised banking system, is a rival for banks and governance institutions in financing and oversight. As a result, its development has created a situation for regulated institutions, which leads to concerns about the legal and regulatory responsibilities of the banking and financial system for investment not g...

asymptotic property of order statistics and sample quntile

چکیده: فرض کنید که تابعی از اپسیلون یک مجموع نامتناهی از احتمالات موزون مربوط به مجموع های جزئی براساس یک دنباله از متغیرهای تصادفی مستقل و همتوزیع باشد، و همچنین فرض کنید توابعی مانند g و h وجود دارند که هرگاه امید ریاضی توان دوم x متناهی و امیدریاضی x صفر باشد، در این صورت می توان حد حاصلضرب این توابع را بصورت تابعی از امید ریاضی توان دوم x نوشت. حالت عکس نیز برقرار است. همچنین ما با استفاده...